Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Consumer Decision Rule Are Procedures Marketing Essay

Purchaser Decision Rule Are Procedures Marketing Essay Presentation Purchaser buying process hypothesis is a basic segment of showcasing procedure. Shopper buying conduct can be confused and understanding it is the basic working of powerful promoting administration. Before customers settle on choice to buy items, they gauge cautiously their reasoning. Supervisors can figure customers choice procedure, for example, Problem acknowledgment, data search, and assessment measures. Body The initial step is Problem acknowledgment or Need acknowledgment. Issue acknowledgment is that shoppers conclude issues to be settled and have wants that they wish to fulfill. The shopper thinks about a huge distinction between their present situation and some ideal or perfect state (Solomon Rabolt, 2003)1. Shopper attempt to analyze between their ideal buyer way of life that might want to live and believe, and current circumstance that is brief elements influencing the customer. On the off chance that the customer has a major hole between wanted buyer way of life and current circumstance, they will buy an item for fulfilling the craving. Be that as it may, if the talk is the same or they couldn't care less about the issue, they won't buy the item. These days, phone organizations are drawing in customers to buy by their new items which give numerous sort of capacity. For example, Businessmen will in general need utilizing cell phone these days in the general public and the organizations give numerous valuable capacities to them. The new capacities can assist them with checking business messages or checking business data on web. In the event that specialists don't have a cell phone, they won't have the option to contact different colleagues and others think the representatives is a dropout. Along these lines, having a cell phone is vital for them, and having new telephone can be design and pattern for youthful specialists. So they will think about buying the cell phone as advanced mobile phone. These days, we additionally can see other instance of buying the telephone in the school. As indicated by Amanda Lenhart, 23percentage of each one of those ages 12-17 notice that they have a cell phone and proprietorship is most noteworth y among more established adolescents: 31% of those ages 14-17 have a cell phone, contrasted and only 8% of youth ages 12-13 in America(Amanda Lenhart, 2012)2. On the off chance that many cohorts are having a cell phone, it can exceptionally influence the understudies who don't have a telephone to want having advanced mobile phone. One of them may have the option to request that their folks buy it. On different hands, want of purchasing cell phone and advanced mobile phone for most elderly individuals will be lower than the youngsters since they are not used to have cell phone. Having a cell phone and new capacities in advanced mobile phone are pointless for them and they can be fulfilled their existence without cell phone. It implies the elderly individuals fulfilled about their real state as their old telephone won't consider about it. Like these three unique gatherings has distinctive want and considering a similar item. On the off chance that the Businessman and the understudies guardians think about purchasing a PDA, they will move to next stage is data investigate. Next stage is data search. Data search is the point at which the purchasers scan the required data for taking care of issue or want. The purchaser remembers their own past involvement with their memory and it may give the shopper satisfactory data to settle on the current decision. What's more, The settling on choices depend on the individual experience is interior source, and advertising and noncommercial data is outer sources. For instance, the specialist will remind what they think about new advanced mobile phone, look at brands of PDA. On the off chance that they need more data or they have not had the telephone, they will gather data from outer sources as family and companion, web, and notices. Their gather data worth and investing energy for gathering the data is relying upon their extra an ideal opportunity to look, and how cell phone is significant and fascinating to them. At long last, if the agent is happy with data of advanced mobile phone, they will move to next stage. In any case, at times looking through data likewise can be negative impact. On the off chance that the understudies guardians can spend extended periods of time to check and gathered numerous data, the guardians can see negative side of advanced cell like there are a ton of game application in PDA, and the telephone impact understudy to invest a ton of energy for talking with their companions at whatever point they need. The guardians will have the option to will in general consider about the negative sides and not to buy it to their youngsters. There is one increasingly negative side of data inquire about it is a disappointment. As indicated by Leon G.Schiffman, search lament can damagingly affect retailers, in light of the fact that in this pilot study store fault and self-fault were not altogether related with each other(2010, Leon G.Schiffman, Leslie Lazar Kanuk)3. Subsequently, data search can be both negative and positive. Next stage is elective assessment. After buyer gather data, they look at the applicable and attainable choices has been assembled, the choice can be made. The evaluative rules is the different highlights a shopper searches for because of a specific issue. As indicated by Engel, Blackwell, and Miniard, evaluative measures is characterized as the guidelines and determinations utilized by customers to think about various items and brands. Evaluative models assume a significant job in the assessment phase of the dynamic procedure (Engel J.F, Blackwell, R.D and Miniard, P.W, 1993)4. For instance, before buying an advanced mobile phone, the representative should assess cost, work, structure, show size, brand, and guarantee. Evaluative models can vary in type, number and significance. In the event that the agent can choose to buy an advanced mobile phone, they end data search, and they make a rundown of brand or models from which they intend to make their determination. The standards they w ill use to assess each brand or model as Evoked Set, Inert Set, and Inept Set. Evoked set is the particular brands or models an agent considers to buy inside a specific item classification. Idle Set is subsequent option of brands or models of PDA since they are felt to be unsatisfactory or they are viewed as second rate. Last rundown is Inert Set, which comprises of brands or models the customer is impassive toward in light of the fact that they can't get any preferred position from advanced cell like a PDAs for understudy, or silver telephone for elderly individuals. The two sort of advanced mobile phones are not appropriate to the businessperson and the telephones can be in rundown of Inert set. However, on the off chance that they are as yet not certain which one they need to purchase, they will look through data once more. In the event that the agent chooses to buy an advanced mobile phone End We can comprehend that buyer has distinctive taste, and need rely upon their occupation. Their choice ways is extremely mind boggling. Nonetheless, advertising administrators can figure buyers buying choice by the buying procedure. Question2 Presentation Settling on choice to buy an item is the last advance for customers and the purchasers can utilize Consumer choice principles, for example, Compensatory and Non-compensatory choice standards. Purchaser choice guideline is methodology utilized by buyers to encourage brand or other utilization related decision. These principles give shoppers choice rules or schedules to decrease the weight of settling on complex choices. Body As per Leon G. Schiffman and Lesilie Lazar Kanuk, there are two purchaser choice principles. Compensatory choice guidelines are that permits a positive gauge of a brand on one ascribe to adjust a disservice point on different characteristics. Non-compensatory choice guidelines are that don't permit buyers to adjust positive assessments of a brand on one characteristic against a negative assessment on different qualities. What's more, there are three Non-compensatory rules, for example, the conjunctive standard, the disjunctive guideline, and the lexicographic principle. The Conjunctive choice guideline is buyers assess a different, insignificantly worthy level such a cutoff point for each quality. In the event that an item a negative point, the fact of the matter is overlooked from future thought. The disjunctive guideline is the equivalent with the Conjunctive principle. In applying the standard, the customers assess a different, negligibly worthy cutoff level for each property whic h ought to be better than the one ordinarily settled for a conjunctive principle. On the off chance that a point meets the cutoff built up for any one trait, it is acknowledged. The Lexicographic choice standard is that the best positions the qualities as far as the single characteristic that is viewed as generally significant. In the event that a choice scores adequately high on this the best position quality, it is picked and the procedure closes (Leon G. Schiffman, Leslie Lazar Kanuk, 2010)5. For my situation, I buy an item by the lexicographic choice principle in Non-compensatory choice guidelines. For example, there are four diverse brand of cell phone as IPhone 4Gs, Sony Ericsson Xperia Arc X12, Samsung Galaxy S3, and BlackBerry Torch 9860. I will check Price, CPU in General, Camera video, 3G/4G Speed in Connective, and Screen. As per GadGetbook, the most costly cost of cell phone is IPhone around RM2199~RM2799 and the least cost one is Blackberry around RM1400~RM1600. In this way, I denoted every cell phone, Samsung Gelexy3 is 7 point, IPhone4Gs is 6 point, Sony is 9, and Blackberry is 10 point. Cost of the Sony and Blackberry is a lot less expensive than Samsung Geluxy3 and IPhone. Notwithstanding, Both the Sony and the Blackberry doesn't have other exceptional component. The two mobiles CPU, Camera Video, and Connective get poor grades among the telephones. Particularly, Sony gives a low quality of connective. Rapid of Connecting 3G and 4G is the most significant point for me since I have to utilize applications, for example, Skype which give free call and video call. In the event that speed of connective is moderate,

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Water, Flexibility and the Tao Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Water, Flexibility and the Tao - Essay Example This refrain of the Tao Te Ching holds up water as a model for human flexibilty and adaptiveness. Water, it says, is gentler than any components in its way, but then it breaks down those components with its very delicacy. This is valid in nature, obviously. Water transforms rocks into sand, making delicate what is difficult. Numerous things break up in water, when all the water can do is stream around those components. Water respects anything in its manner, a wonder effortlessly observed by any mountain stream. Water respects a stone in its manner, streaming around it. Along these lines the â€Å"gentle defeats the rigid,† and the water discovers its way to the ocean without being halted by stones or fallen trees. As the Tao says, everybody has seen this, yet few can make this fact work for themselves, in their own lives. This trouble comes from the human propensity to coordinate our own activities, and can be unraveled by a comprehension of the Tao as the common state to whic h things can return. In a critique by the Center for Taoist Thought and Fellowship, the author proposes that individuals misjudge this refrain, feeling that being adaptable like water implies being powerless. Nonetheless, the vast majority don't see the little bits of hardness that are in water. â€Å"It isn't the water which assaults the hard and solid, it is the infinitesimal bits of hard and solid suspended in the water which do the job.† This proposal gives the stanza another significance, permitting the peruser not to be exclusively delicate however to permit their delicateness to encompass a ground-breaking hardness.

Monday, July 27, 2020

Answe The Q Example

Answe The Q Example Answe The Q â€" Assignment Example > @2010 GENERALProvide detailed description (with illustrations) of the Moderators of market orientation, and discuss their link to “strategic marketing management” and “organizational performance”Market orientation is basically a company’s philosophy which is aimed at identifying and meeting the needs of its clients, through a well planned product mix. One moderator of market orientation is competitive environment. A competitive environment provides a consumers with many options and alternatives from where he or she can buy from, hence the need for the manufacturer or supplier to find a way to ensure full satisfaction of the customer, so that the customer will identify the company or manufacturer as the producer of choice. A competitive environment determines various activities and precautions to take while carrying out market orientation. Market turbulence also greatly influences how an organization will come up with a marketing orientation. Some trends in certain market s make it a bit hard to predict what will be happening next, and thus it is extremely difficult to come up with policies which will last for along time. For example, when demand of a product rises sharply and falls within a short period of time, and this happens repeatedly over a period of time, it is difficult to come up with fixed prices due to these price fluctuations. On the other hand, a producer can not bank very much on a product which can easily find a complete substitute from another competitor. The producer should therefore thoroughly study the existing market trends before coming up with a market orientation (Kim and Ye 2004). Some products are subject to technological advancement and change. Whenever a corporation’s main product line consists of items which we can term as bleeding technology, there is always a possibility that the item will be in the market for quite some time. However, many products tend to be easily overtaken by newer technology and so there is a n eed for a firm to keep carrying out inventions and innovations in order to stay abreast of technological advancements. Technological turbulence therefore affects market orientation to a great extent. These moderators of market orientation determine how an organization defines its business, missions and goals because they determine how marketing concepts will be implemented. They determine the product mix and the pricing, target market and how a company is going to meet the satisfaction of the consumer. This means that when coming up with a strategic marketing policy, these moderators will determine the necessary plans that a company will take. Since they affect the nature of production which is carried out by the organization, they affect the output from the organization and therefore when coming up with an organizational performance policy, they will greatly be featured. (B) CASE STUDYHow would you describe Samsungs marketing strategy within the Canadian Consumer Electronic Market in terms of their segmentation, targeting and positioning within this sector? In terms of segmentations and targeting, Samsung went ahead to come up with four different homogenous groups, which are the high income families, the young generation, business users and the hobbyists. These four segments enabled Samsung to narrow down to the needs of each specific group and produce and market appropriately and at affordable prices. The corporation has put great efforts to maintain a product mix that meets the needs and preferences of each of these groups. Each of these groups not only has a different purchasing power, but responds uniquely to a marketing mix and is substantial enough to be profitable. This was a perfect approach considering the diversity in the Canadian market.

Friday, May 22, 2020

Literary Analysis of A White Heron - 2159 Words

Literature Analysis Part 1 Throughout the history Fiction has been used by many writers to emphasize on environment and the importance it has in our lives. A White Heron, is a great example of how an article can effectively grip the attention of the reader and delivering a vital message at the same time. On the other hand fact based articles are based on truth, research and years of hard work but unfortunately most of the time they fail to capture the common reader proving interesting to only subject area experts or environmentalists. A White Heron written in 1886 is about a girl who comes to her grandmothers house in the country side she falls in love with the nature and after some time adjusts in the new surroundings. Being familiarized with the surroundings, a hunter offers her a considerable reward for finding a Heron for his personal collection. Being human she agrees to find the bird and accompanies the hunter but fails to find the heron. Later on she goes alone and finds the birds nest by climbing on the tallest tree, this in turn reignites her love and passion for the nature and the thought of helping the hunter and killing of the Heron becomes cynical. She keeps it a secret and Hunter goes back without his prize. (Jewett, 2009) On the other hand Reducing, harmful, drilling and mining is an article that emphasizes on the use of coal in fulfilling our energy needs and the impact coal drilling and mining has on the environment of the surrounding areas. ItShow MoreRelatedMy Psychoanalytic Views of Two Short Stories1454 Words   |  6 Pagestheories seemed very radical, when put into life situations they actually make perfect sense. Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism refers to literary criticism or literary theory which, in method, concept, or form, is influenced by the tradition of psychoanalysis begun by Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalytic literary criticism is a very common method of analyzing stories such as The White Heron by Sarah Orne Jewett, Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Masque of the Red Death by Edgar AllenRead MoreCritical Analysis of White Heron Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Analysis of White Heron The White Heron is a spiritual story portraying great refinement and concerns with higher things in life. A 9 year old girl once isolated in the city found fulfillment in a farm surrounded by nature. Too those less unfortunate, money charm and other attractions can be intoxicated; Sylvia did not bite. She could have helped her situation and found a way to wealth but in the end she realized that it wouldn’t help her to be the person she wanted to be. This paperRead MoreSummary Of Literary Regionalism By Sarah Orne Jewett743 Words   |  3 Pagesstyle. Without delving into deeper analysis, there are two distinctive themes that are easily recognizable in the vast majority of Jewett’s anthology of works. Jewett was born and grew up in South Berwick, a small rural town in southern Maine. Many, if not most of Jewetts works are set in locations similar to, or within South Berwick. This practice of setting written works in specific geographic locations relevant to the writers experience is known as literary regionalism. Because of this themesRead More The Key Elements of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Essay1853 Words   |  8 PagesMan provides an introspective exploration of an Irish Catholic upbringing. To provide the reader with a proper interpretation, Joyce permeates the story with vivid imagery and a variety of linguistic devices. This paper will provide an in-depth of analysis of the work by examining its key elements. The central theme of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is Stephen Dedalus alienation and separation from his trinity of family, country and religion. Stephens separation from his family is evidentRead MoreSymbolism and Allegory in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay2297 Words   |  10 Pagesextend this theological view of Young Goodman Brown, by following the exponents of faith, hope and charity (love) and their opposed vices, we shall find them in a two-fold context: first, Christian revelation and tradition; and second a demonic literary raised up as a defiant travesty of traditional Christianity.      Robert P. Ellis sees the story slightly differently. He makes sure as to what his view is by emphasizing that the story reminds him of a Classic American Short Story of theRead MoreAn Analysis of Roddy Doyle’s Writing Style Essay example3319 Words   |  14 Pages An Analysis of Roddy Doyle’s Writing Style nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Roddy Doyle is an Irish novelist from Dublin, Ireland, who has written several award winning anovels. Through the use of a variety of literary techniques, Doyle has been able to delve into the thoughts and minds of his characters, so that the reader can easily empathize with them. Specifically, through the use of vernacular language, detailed imagery, and stream of consciousness in two of his novels, The Woman Who Walked IntoRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†Read MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagespalatalized consonant. It is not, however, a conclusive argument against the /b/ plus /y/ interpretation, for it can be argued that only the first consonant of a cluster is reduplicated. 3. The palatalized consonant solution draws a parallel with the analysis of kw, gw, etc., as single labialized consonants. But their behaviour is not parallel; thus á »â€¹kwà   (to push) has the imperative kwà  a (and not *kà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¨a) and the gerund à ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤kwà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¨kwà   (and not *à ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤kà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¨kwà  ). Again, this is not an argument against the cluster interpretation

Friday, May 8, 2020

How Economic Decisions Are Made - 716 Words

How Economic Decisions Are Made Penelope Carter ECO 212 April 2, 2012 David Smith How Economic Decisions Are Made If 10 people with 10 different occupations are asked to define economics, one would receive 10 different answers because the concept of economics confuses people. â€Å"Economics is the study of the choices consumers, business managers, and government officials make to attain their goals, given their scarce resources,† (Hubbard O’Brien, 2010, p. 4). Oftentimes, people do not realize how many economic decisions they regularly make. People make daily economic decisions by comparing marginal benefits and marginal costs in conjunction with their current economic market system. Marginal Benefit and Marginal Cost I can†¦show more content†¦Determining how to produce goods and services can be a situation such as whether General Motors keeps a production plant in the United States in an effort to keep Americans employed or to move production to Mexico to take advantage of reduced labor costs. â€Å"In the United States, who receives the goods and services produced depends largely on how income is distributed. Individuals with the highest income have the ability to buy the most goods and services,† (Hubbard O’Brien, 2010, p. 8). Economic Systems When studying economics, one quickly learns there is a market for everything and the market drives the economy. â€Å"A market is a group of buyers and sellers of a good or service and the institution or arrangement by which they come together to trade,† (Hubbard O’Brien, 2010, p. 4). In an effort to answer the production questions of what, how, and who, as they relate to goods and services, societies arrange their economies in two primary ways. The first way is the centrally planned economy where the government chooses the distribution method for economic resources; the second way is the market economy where households and firms interacting in markets decide the distribution of economic resources, (Hubbard O’Brien, 2010). The former Soviet Union was the most recognized centrally planned economy; however, Cuba and North Korea’s economies also operate in this manner. The UnitedShow MoreRelatedThe Economic Problem Of The Market Economy1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe economic problem faced in the market economy is that there are an unlimited amount of wants with a scarce amount of resources. They only current solution is to make decisions as the desire of satisfying all wants is not possible. Economics is the about the allocation of limited resources in the best possible way in order to satisfy needs (items essential for survival – food and shelter) and wants (not necessities, but provide satisfaction and assist achievement of higher standard of living).Read MoreBehavioral Economics Essay598 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction Behavioral economics studies cognitive, emotional and social factors effects on economic decisions made by an individuals and consequences returns, resource allocation and market prices. It assumes that human beings are rational in the decisions they make. Behavioral economics do not involve assumption. The difference comes in from the notion that the human behavior observation contradicts behavior of people to be perfectly rational. Therefore, the two starts from different points.Read MoreEconomic Decisions Paper685 Words   |  3 PagesHow People Make Economic Decisions Paper Eco/212 September 28, 2010 Making Economic Decisions Economic decisions made by individuals can affect the economy. The principles of individual decision-making include people being rational, economic incentives, and optimal decisions made at the margin. Trading the three economic systems are market economy, centrally planned economy, and mixed economy. Each contains their own attributes on how they contribute to an economy. The current economicRead MoreThe Theory Of Game Theory1616 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent choices of economics agents which bring forth many different outcomes with the point to the preferences of those agents, where the outcomes in question might have been intended by none of the agents (Ross, 2016). The properties that game theory considers in economic situations include two or more economic actors - that is, two or more firms, individuals, political parties, etc. Each individual economic actor has a set of decisions they can make - what price to charge, how much to save, whetherRead MoreEconomic Theory122 5 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic Theory Economic Theory Jose E Mendoza Allied American University Author Note This paper was prepared for ECN 150, Introduction to Microeconomics, Module 2 Homework Assignment taught by Nikki Follis. Part I After reading the two articles in Modules 1 and 2 related to Economic Theory (first,â€Å"How Did Economists Get It So Wrong† and second, â€Å"History of Economics Playground†), reconstruct what happenedRead MoreExplain The Nature Of Economics1216 Words   |  5 PagesEconomics Essay Explain the nature of economics The nature of economics is essentially the study of the economy and how to solve the problems it poses. Economics includes the concepts of the economic problem, scarcity, the need for choice, opportunity costs, future implications of current choice by individuals, businesses and governments and economic factors underlying decision making by individuals, businesses and the government. The nature and study of economics is ultimately about trying toRead MoreMaps Of Bounded Rationality : Psychology For Behavioural Economics960 Words   |  4 PagesPsychology for behavioural economics - Daniel Kahneman 2003 Introduction Kahneman’s article is an analysis of intuitive thinking and how it guides our decision-making. Although primarily aimed at the field of psychology, it is an interdisciplinary article with applications in economic theorising. Kahneman attempts to differentiate between two systems of thought, one of intuition (system 1) and one of reasoning (system 2), and argues that many judgements and choices are made intuitively, rather thanRead MoreThe Theories Of Economic Economics1417 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough the mainstream economics is the one taught in school, its assumptions are there to achieve a certain outcome. The heterodox economist’s assumptions are based on the fact to eliminate extraneous factors. I believe that heterodox economics will start to be considered more in the world of academics and may take the place of the current mainstream economics. The theories of consumption have different viewpoints. Neoclassical consumer theory is the explanation of how consumers allocate incomesRead MoreHow People Make Economic Decisions774 Words   |  4 PagesHow People Make Economic Decisions Brittany Hansen June 2011 Mr. Krupka How People Make Economic Decisions From the time a person starts working to pay bills or buy products they are forced into making decisions that will affect their bank account. There are four different principles that play into the decision-making process. While these decisions will affect marginal benefits and costs, there are incentives for the choice as well. The principles of economics relate to the working of theRead MoreHow People Make Economic Decisions677 Words   |  3 PagesHow People Make Economic Decisions Paper ECO/212 How People Make Economic Decisions The economic decision an individual, household, or even a firm makes has a major impact on the economy as a whole. These decisions affect the supply of a good or service, the demand of that good or service and ultimately the price of that good or service. This paper will focus on how individual decision making affects an economy, how understanding the marginal benefits from the marginal cost affects economic

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Djoser vs Zinggurat Free Essays

Bih Mancho Proff Vick Art 104 24 September, 2011 Djoser vs. Ziggurat Djoser, the Third Dynasty King gave permission for the earliest known architectural monument in Egypt to be constructed â€Å"The Step Pyramid†. The Architect behind this great structure was someone whom worked very closely with Djoser in governing Saqqara, His Prime Minister, by name Imhotop. We will write a custom essay sample on Djoser vs Zinggurat or any similar topic only for you Order Now Imhotep is the first architect in history to be identified. In the beginning Imhotep intended to make Djosers tomb a one floor mastaba it was only later on that he made the decision to make it bigger. It was the final structure is what was given the name the Step Pyramid. (Stokstad53) This structure was built as a result of elaborate Egyptian funerary practices to make sure that those who died actually moved on into the afterlife safely and effectively (Stokstad53) The Ziggurat on the other hand was constructed under the rule of King Urnammu of Ur. During his reign the king Urnammu funded a good number of building campaigns. As a result of his sponsorship the well-known Ziggurat was constructed with a concept of imperial authority (pg36). Both structures were quite vast in size and seem to have covered a large area of land. The Ziggurate was constructed with mud brick while that of the Pyramid was constructed with limestone. The Ziggurat had a rectangular base of 205 by 141 feet with 3 sets of stairs which all came together at the entrance gate (Stokstad36). The Pyramid on the other hand is a 92 foot shaft that descended from the original mustaba. Enclosed within the pyramid a descending corridor at the base of the step pyramid provided an entrance from outside to the burial ground (Stokstad53). In my opinion the Nanna Ziggurat is more appeling to the eye than the structure of the Step Pyramid. The Ziggurate was constructed as a dedication to the moon god Nanna, also called Sin (pg36). The Pyramid was equally created with respect to a certain god but it served two purposes. The Step Pyramid signified a stairway to the Sun god Ra but it also served another purpose. It protected the tomb in which the kings mummified body was buried. (Stokstad53). It provided a comfortable home for the Ka of the departed king. So that even after death he would be able to watch over Egypt and make sure the country remained in he good state in which they left it. In my opinion the Step Pyramid has more of a meaningful background story to it than the Ziggurat. It is much more than just a large magnificent monument created to worship a god unlike the Ziggurat, the Pyramid served a purpose on earth as well as in the heavens. I believe if so much time and hard work is put into developing such a marve lous structure at least it should serve some purpose to the people of the land on which it was built not just to praise a god or to signify authority but to preserve the culture and history of the people. How to cite Djoser vs Zinggurat, Essay examples

Tuesday, April 28, 2020

Labour Regulation in The Clean Air Act

Introduction A law regarding labor finds its approval from the state legislature or congress. At the local level, this law is usually termed as an ordinance. Such laws are either based on the chronological facts relating to period passed or according to topic. This paper serves to explain the more on the Clean Air Act enacted and reinforced by the Federal government.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Labour Regulation in The Clean Air Act specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Select one labor statute or regulation at the federal, state or local level, which you find, of interest The Clean Air Act came into being following a legislation passed by the American congress in 1970. This Act was tailored to ensure that all American citizens have breathing air that is pollutant-free. Despite its concern to keep the environment from air pollution effects, this law majorly focused on Public health protection. Several amendment ha ve been passed on this Act, with the first taking effect in 1977 and another which sought to specify new strategies for cleaning up the air and extend deadlines for legal actions in 1990.in the face of all this, the laws original framework and its attached public health objectives have never changed (Lipton, 2006). Describe the objective of the statute or regulation including the number of the particular law or regulation; provide at least one example of how an organization has implemented the statute The clean air Act was passed with the major objective of protecting the American citizens from pollutants that include Ozone (smog), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide and particulate soot. The state government sought to work out a clean-up strategy that will meet the health standards outlined. In addition, this law sought to empower the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which sets standards regarding new sources of air pollution such as power plants, automobi les and trucks. In this respect, section 109 of Clean Air acts provides that the EPA shall publish National Ambient Quality Standards paying attention on specific pollutants. Here, the health and welfare forms the basis of criterion used to decide on the kind of pollutants to control and the level at which it is regulated. The pollutants considered at that time included sulfur oxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, particulate matter, sulfur oxide and lead. Another section of the act is the 112 section, which directs EPA to set up the limits for the emissions of toxic pollutants. This is more concern as a precaution put in place to mitigate increased mortality or any serious incapacitating illness (Belden, 2001). Hussey Seating Company (Hussey) is an example of a company, which made a deliberate move towards the implementation of the Clean Air act. This implementation served as an effort to improve the working surroundings by cutting down the air emissions from their wood finishing process. In addition, this was a measure adopted in preparation for the imminent Clean Air Act. This company deals in bleacher seating that majorly comprise long, flat and comparatively narrow boards. Initially, polyurethane varnish was used to finish the two coats on both sides. Following a suggestion posed by an employee in 1993, the company decided to undertake a research on the viability of UV cured coating. In 1994, the results of the analysis led to a move that saw the company switch to automated UV coating. Consequently, the emission from the UV covering system became a problem of the past. In the same line, hazardous air pollutant (HAP) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions were cut down from nearly 50 tons to only 219 pounds yearly.Advertising Looking for essay on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, Hussey Company replaced the nitrocellulose solvent-based covering for making wood chair back and arms w ith coating from aqueous polyester. This switch to aqueous –based coating worked to reduce the VOC emission to less than two pounds for every gallon. This is a big contrast to the six pounds in every gallon when using nitrocellulose coating (Air Waste Management Association, 1999). Discuss how an organization should or has measured and monitored for compliance with the statute NAAQS are special air quality standards in America that serve to regulate the air quality. These standards are divided into primary NAAQS, which are set at a level that serves to protect the general public health and secondary NAAQs established to guard the environment. The standards units are in microgram per cubic meter or pert per million over a known time. These standards referred to as â€Å"criteria pollutants† measure the six categories of pollutants. Conclusion Organizations monitor the compliance with the Clean Air Act by analyzing the concentration of the criteria pollutants in the wor king environment. This is compared with the threshold or regulated level for one or more National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Following this, the area is classified as nonattainment if it is found to exceed certain level.On the other hand, if the levels are lower than those established by NAAQS it is classified as attainment. Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (NDEQ) owns the ambient air monitors, which serve to monitor these levels. These monitors are located in the different states across the country. EPA (Belden, 2001) publishes the analyzed results. References Air Waste Management Association. (1999).EM: Air Waste Management Association’s magazine for environmental. London: The Association. Belden, R. (2001).Clean Air Act. New York, NY: American Bar Association, 2001 Lipton, J. (2006).Clean Air Act: Interpretation. Detroit: Nova Publishers. This essay on Labour Regulation in The Clean Air Act was written and submitted by user Zeke Rowe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Friday, March 20, 2020

Line Item Veto Definition - History and Examples

Line Item Veto Definition s The line item veto is a now-defunct law that granted the president absolute authority to reject specific provisions, or lines, of a bill sent to his desk by the U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate while allowing other parts of it to become law with his signature. The power of the line item veto would allow a president to kill parts of a bill without having to veto the entire piece of legislation. Many governors have this power, and the president of the United States did, too, before the U.S. Supreme Court ruled the line-item veto unconstitutional. Critics of the line item veto say it granted the president too much power and allowed the powers of the executive branch to bleed into the duties and obligations of the legislative branch of government.  This act gives the president the unilateral power to change the text of duly enacted statutes, U.S. Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens wrote in 1998. Specifically, the court found that the  Line Item Veto Act of 1996 violated the Presentment Clause of the Constitution, which allows a president to either sign or veto a bill in its entirety. The Presentment Clause states, in part, that a bill  be presented to the president of the United States; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it.   History of the Line Item Veto U.S. Presidents have frequently asked Congress for line-time veto power. The line item veto was first brought before Congress in 1876, during President Ulysses S. Grant’s term of office. After repeated requests, Congress passed the Line Item Veto Act of 1996. This is how the law worked before it was struck down by the high court: Congress passed a piece legislation that included taxes or spending appropriations.The president lined  out specific items he opposed and then signed the modified bill.The president sent  the lined-out items to Congress, which had 30 days to disapprove of the line item veto. This required a simple majority vote in both chambers.If both the Senate and House disapproved, Congress sent  a bill of disapproval back to the president. Otherwise, the line item vetoes were implemented as law. Prior to the act, Congress had to approve any presidential move to cancel funds; absent congressional action, the legislation remained intact as passed by Congress.However, the President could then veto the disapproval bill. To override this veto, Congress would have needed a two-thirds majority. Presidential Spending Authority Congress has periodically given the President statutory authority not to spend appropriated funds. Title X of The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 gave the president the power to both delay the expenditure of funds and to cancel funds, or what was called rescission authority. However, to rescind funds, the president needed congressional concurrence within 45 days. However, Congress is not required to vote on these proposals and has ignored most presidential requests to cancel funds. The Line Item Veto Act of 1996 changed that rescission authority. The Line Item Veto Act put the burden on Congress to disapprove a line-out by the presidents pen. A failure to act meant the presidents veto take effect. Under the 1996 act, Congress had 30 days to override a presidential line item veto. Any such congressional resolution of disapproval, however, was subject to a presidential veto. Thus Congress needed a two-thirds majority in each chamber to override the presidential rescission. The act was controversial: it delegated new powers to the president, affected the balance between the legislative and executive branches, and changed the budget process. History of the Line Item Veto Act of 1996 Republican U.S. Sen. Bob Dole of Kansas introduced the initial legislation  with 29 cosponsors. There were several related House measures. There were restrictions on presidential power, however. According to the Congressional Research Service conference report, the bill: Amends the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 to authorize the President to cancel in whole any dollar amount of discretionary budget authority, any item of new direct spending, or any limited tax benefit signed into law, if the President: (1) determines that such cancellation will reduce the Federal budget deficit and will not impair essential Government functions or harm the national interest; and (2) notifies the Congress of any such cancellation within five calendar days after enactment of the law providing such amount, item, or benefit. Requires the President, in identifying cancellations, to consider legislative histories and information referenced in law. On  March 17,1996, the Senate voted 69-31 to pass the final version of the bill. The House did so on March 28, 1996, on a voice vote. On April 9, 1996, President Bill Clinton signed the bill into law. Clinton later descried the Supreme Courts strikedown of the law, saying it was a defeat for all Americans. It deprives the president of a valuable tool for eliminating waste in the federal budget and for enlivening the public debate over how to make the best use of public funds. Legal Challenges to the Line Item Veto Act of 1996 The day after the Line Item Veto Act of 1996 passed, a group of U.S. senators challenged the bill in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. U.S. District Judge Harry Jackson, who was appointed to the bench by Republican President Ronald Reagan, declared the law unconstitutional on April 10, 1997. The U.S. Supreme Court, however,  ruled the senators did not have standing to sue, tossing their challenge and restoring the line item veto power to the president. Clinton exercised the line item veto authority 82 times. Then the law was challenged in two separate lawsuits filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. A group of lawmakers from the House and Senate maintained their opposition to the law. U.S. District Judge Thomas Hogan, also a Reagan appointee, declared the law unconstitutional in 1998. His ruling was affirmed by the Supreme Court. The Court ruled that the law violated the Presentment Clause (Article I, Section 7, Clauses 2 and 3) of the U.S. Constitution because it gave the president the power to unilaterally amend or repeal parts of statutes that had been passed by Congress. The court ruled that the Line Item Veto Act of 1996 violated the process that the U.S. Constitution establishes for how bills originating in Congress become federal law. Similar Measures The Expedited Legislative Line-Item Veto and Rescissions Act of 2011 allows the president to recommend specific line items be cut from legislation. But its up to Congress to agree under this law. If Congress does not enact the proposed rescission within 45 days, the president must make the funds available, according to the Congressional Research Service.

Tuesday, March 3, 2020

Words Made Using Periodic Table Element Symbols

Words Made Using Periodic Table Element Symbols Chemical element symbols are one- and two-letter abbreviations for the element names. They are used to make the periodic table and chemical formulas easier to read. You can combine the symbols to make words. Here is  a list of English words made from periodic table  element symbols. There are thousands of words that can be written using these symbols, so experiment to see if you can write your name or fun messages that show your chemistry savvy. Words Made From Element Symbols AcAcIAs AcNe AcTiON AgITaTiON AgNOSTiC AlCoHoLiC AlIMoNY Am AmErICaN AmISH AmPUTaTiON ArGeNTiNa AsPIrIn AtLaNTa AtTeNTiON AuTiSTiC BaNaNa BAlLiSTiC BaPTiSm BArF Be BeArS BeErS BErSErK BODy BONFIRe BUNCH BrUNCH BUTaNe CaN CaNDY CaNNIBAl CHeErS CHINa ClOCK CoOK CoPErNiCuS CuFFLiNKS CuIrAsS CuISiNe CuP CuTeNeSS CYCLiC CYClONe CYNiCs CYSTeINe DYEs DyNAmITe DySFUNCTiONAl FeTiSH FIRe FLaSH FrAcTiOn FrOLiC FrY GeNeSiS HeINOUS HeLiCoPtEr HeReTic HOOK HOOKErS HoSe HYMn HYPErBOLiC I IRaN IReLaNd IrON KNIFe LaDy LaOs LuBrICaTiON LuCIFEr MoCK MoCKEry MoNaCo MoNTaNa MoRe MoTiOn, MoTiON NArC NAtO NeON NePAl NO NON AlCoHoLiC NUN OF OHIO OsMoSiS PaKISTaN PAlEsTiNe PIRaTe PLaY POISON PoLiSH PSYCHIC SCaNdAl ScOTCH SePTic SiCKNeSS SiNGaPoRe SiPHON SNIPEr SOCIOPaTh SPAm SPaN TeAm ThAt TiCK US USe UTaH VAtICaN VIRuS VOICe VOTe WAr WAtEr WAtCH WASH WASP WITh YArN YIKEs YOU YOUTh YUCCa YUCKY YUPPIEs

Sunday, February 16, 2020

The qualities of the hero and antihero Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The qualities of the hero and antihero - Essay Example Playing the hero, Indiana Jones is an idealist. He starts a principled journey against the powerful Nazis and their leader Adolf Hitler in search of the Ark of the Pledge. Indy stands up to bad guys, Nazi thugs, who are determined to acquire the ark. He sacrificed himself against great odds. For instance he compromised his distress of snake in order to acquire the ark. Indiana role as a hero also demonstrates when he rescues Marion and reclaims the ark from Belloq and the Dietrich. Jones is always pro-active and makes effective decisions. For instance, when he surrenders rather than destroy the ark, an important historical artifact, now in the possession of Belloq. Indiana always succeeded in his goals, which is a true definition of a hero. He managed to keep the agreement out of the reach of the Nazis. Playing the role of an anti-hero in the movie Payback, Mel Gibson (Porter) is a realist. Porter is a criminal: a killer, a thief, a thug, a gambler, a cheater, and a liar. He murdered many, including Resnick and Philip. Self-interest drives him as shown when he narrated; he had $70,000 robbed from him, and that is what he desires to get back The heroism in him demonstrates through the vengeance mentality. He stands up to authority in tracking the money that had passed into the hands of "the Outfit". In order to reach Resnick, the Porter first dealt with Arthur Stegman, the Chinese trios, crime bosses from the Outfit, and the unethical police detectives Leary an d Hicks. Most notably as an antihero, Porter eventually fails in his goal of reclaiming the money. Harrison Ford depicted as Indiana Jones is evidently a masculine character. Indiana shows heroism through the enormous resources he possesses for the use of the gun, fists and whip when relevant. Indiana also demonstrates the character of a rebel. In a general view, Indiana

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Authority Judicial Review Jurisdiction Case Study

Authority Judicial Review Jurisdiction - Case Study Example The Panel took the form of an entirely non-statutory, self-regulating association, setup by persons having a common interest, which had devised and operated a code of conduct to be observed in the take-overs and mergers of public companies. The court held that, bearing in mind that the panel did have governmental backing and was exercising its duties in the public interest, it should be subject to the control of public law. As Sir John Donaldson put it: "We have reached the position where the ambit of certiorari can be said to cover every case in which a body of persons of a public as opposed to a purely private of domestic character has to determine matters affecting subjects. Looked at in this way, the board in my judgment comes fairly and squarely within the jurisdiction of this court It is clearly performing public duties." This introduces the functions test of affects doctrine, that is if the body has the public functions or its decisions produce public law consequences then, in principle, the courts might intervene. In the case of the IRA, neither it has public functions nor do the decisions of the IRA produce public law consequences hence, the courts may not intervene in the given situation. Specifically, the IRA has no statutory or prerogative basis. One of its main functions

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Problems With Profit Maximization Strategy Finance Essay

Problems With Profit Maximization Strategy Finance Essay Shareholder Value is a financial term which is the final measure to see whether the company is successful in enriching its shareholders or not. We have tried to find the difference between shareholder and the owner wealth and have concluded that shareholder wealth is the supreme point of contention for any organization as in the long term it will benefit both owner and shareholder. Hence, both of them will be content. We first look at why shareholder value maximization should be the primary goal of any organization. Then, we look why there is divergence of the organization with the objective of shareholder wealth maximization. Then, we looked at various agency problems that come due to this divergence. Then, we gave strategies on how managers can increase shareholder wealth. At the end, we concluded with the new concept of stakeholder wealth maximization and explained its utility. Who owns any organization which is listed in share market, obviously, the Shareholders. These are those individuals who have bought stocks of the company which shows their ownership of the company. Even if business is a person firm, he is the shareholder. If the Business is big, the board of directors are made up of people who own the right by owning the majority of shares. Since, the shareholder own the company, they are entitled to maximum value generation from the money they have invested (Ahlstrom 2010, pp 11-24). In old times, the traditional approach of companies was to maximize the owners profit, but there were multiple limitations like:- Any firm has multiple targets other than maximizing shareholder wealth. These can be like achieving higher market share, huge sales growth, more stable market position. The traditional approach didnt consider all of these issues. Shareholder Wealth Maximization has multiple things to be looked into like Short term, Medium term and Long term Shareholder Wealth Maximization Shareholder Wealth Maximization over a period of time. The traditional approach lost out to these points. Social Responsibility needs to become the most important aim of any organization. Big Organizations need to give back society in lieu of the resources that they take from them. These big organizations need to devote something out of the profits that they earn. The traditional approach didnt take in account this (Smith 2003, pp 52-76). Modern approach puts more emphasis on Shareholder Wealth Maximization rather than owner profit maximization. This includes increasing the Earnings per share of every shareholder so that their net worth is maximized. Wealth increase is equal to what gross present worth in needed for raising profits in the future. This value needs to be discounted as per the time frame to found out the annualized rate of return for the shareholder. In Shareholder Wealth Maximization, it places priority before any other objective for the organization. Any action which has positive effective on Shareholder Wealth Maximization needs to be given priority. In any capitalistic society, the goal of business should be Shareholder Wealth Maximization as mostly the ownership of goods and services is by individuals, since, they own all the means so that they can make money. Shareholder Wealth Maximization at the end leads to rise in value of the shares which at end maximizes wealth of the shareholder (Ahlstrom 2010, pp 11-24). . Maximizing Shareholder Wealth as the Primary Goal Any financial decision to become effective needs better understanding of organizational goals. Shareholder Wealth Maximization should guide the decision making of the firm which needs to be represented in the common stock price. Profit maximization shouldnt overshadow Shareholder Wealth Maximization as many a times decisions taken to maximize profits of the owner has a short term view and in the long term erodes the value of shareholder wealth. Warren Buffet, who has been the advocate of Shareholder wealth, says that long term economic goal of any organization should be increasing the average annual gain of the intrinsic business value in their firm for their shareholders. Economic progress isnt shown by size of firm but by per share progress (Smith 2003, pp 52-76). Shareholder Wealth Maximization goal should be about management of firm seeking to increase the present value of their future of their shareholder but not increasing the profits of promoters. This return to shareholder needs to be given in the form of periodic dividends as well as if any shareholder decided to sell of the stock. As long as the dividend stream or the value stream is flowing, it increases the value of shareholder. Also, the higher the risk for future wealth growth, it reduce the faith of shareholders on the company. Stock prices always show what is the timing and risk associated with the future benefits which can be reaped by the shareholders. Shareholder wealth is defined as per the total number of shares times the value of per share at which it trades in the stock exchange the company is listed (Van Beurden Gossling 2008, pp 407-424). The advantages of using Shareholder Wealth Maximization as an objective are:- This considers the time period as well as the risk in investing in the firm. Managers must take in account this while making decisions like expenditure so that in contributed to increase shareholder wealth. Shareholder Wealth Maximization can be tested with every decision which is made by organization so that consistency in decisions can be maintained. If the decision increase shareholder wealth it is a good decision, otherwise it isnt, hence it shouldnt be taken. Shareholder Wealth Maximization is impersonal by nature. Shareholder is free to take their funds out and sell the shares and invest anywhere. If the shareholders risk preference isnt according to the decisions made by the firm, the shareholder will sell the sticks owned by him and invest in the organization which has best profile as per his investment needs (Bejou 2011, pp 1-6). For all of these reasons, Shareholder Wealth Maximization should be the primary goal to be achieved by any firm. But, the issues like social responsibilities managerial objectives, agency problems can create departure from pure Shareholder Wealth Maximization behavior shown by managers as well as promoters and more considerate in profit maximization. Nonetheless, Shareholder Wealth Maximization objective gives a standard on which every managerial decision can be judged and screened on (Ahlstrom 2010, pp 11-24). . Divergent Objectives The goal of shareholder wealth maximization is about how financial decisions should be made in an organization. But, not all management decisions need to be made by this. Using the index of managerial performance, we can measure the managerial success in achieving the shareholder wealth maximization objective. They should try and work to maximize Economic Value addition which is the difference between profit after tax and the cost of capital employed to generate that profit. Multiple corporations like Coca Cola, AT T, and General Electric use this concept of Economic Value added (Husted de Jesus Salazar 2006, pp 76-91). It has been seen that all those firms which dont give attention to stockholder interests and are more indulged in promoter profit maximization perform poorly in long term. There is always a divergence in shareholder wealth maximization goal and the other objectives which are undertaken by management. The main reason for this divergence is shareholders are real owner but control is with promoters in all corporations. This separation of ownership and control allows manager to pursue self-promoting goals which are not in line with shareholder wealth maximization. They are consistent to maintain the control of the company. Instead of pursuing the goal of shareholder wealth maximization, managers just work for satisfying or look for acceptable levels of shareholder wealth increase, while working for their interest improvement (Shaw 2009, pp 565-576). The maximization of personal welfare of managers can lead to long run job security of themselves. The focus on long term survival of managers limits the risk taken by firm as unfavorable outcomes can lead to disastrous outcomes for the firm. Similarly, the need for job security is one reason why management doesnt allow any merger offers given by other companies. The Golden Parachute approach is usually in the interests of managers more than the shareholders wealth. Now days, multiple companies give top management stock options which ensures their ownership in the company. Pan-American gives retirement option in common stocks which ensures that they think on the options to increase the share price. This helps in alignment of interests of managers with those of shareholders (Bejou 2011, pp 1-6). Agency Problems The presence of different objectives of owners and managers is one kind of agency relationship problem. Agency relationships happen when one individual hires other individual so that he can perform duties on behalf of his. They delegate the decision making to the agent. These kinds of agency relationships exist between stockholders and managers and those of stockholders and creditors. When we talk about agency relationship between stockholders and managers, the inefficiency rises as each party works in a way to maximize its interests and utility. The management thinking for looking for long term survival rather than thinking about shareholder wealth maximization. Other example is about using company airplanes, limousines and offices without having any ownership in the firm. This shirking by managers is an issue. Enron Corp lost $1 billion of investments in 2001. In 1991, Enron permitted their CFO to purchase assets and minimize the risk of Enron. The CFO made million personally. This conflict of interests made way for Enron filing for bankruptcy in Chapter 11 (Smith 2003, pp 52-76). In Enron Case, the agency issue was poorly handled which led to shareholders feel the brunt of this mismatch. Agency costs include 1) Expenditures made for minimizing the incentives for management which management took for removing decisions in contrast of shareholder interest, Such as giving management compensation in from of stock option of the firm. 2) Expenditure to oversee management action like audits both external and internal. 3) Protection of organization from managerial dishonesty. 4) Opportunity cost of lost chances due to complex structure of organization (Husted de Jesus Salazar 2006, pp 76-91). Managerial motivation act in the stockholder interest when they have stock in form of compensation, the threat of losing their job and threat of being taken over by any other organization. Agency problems and related costs can be decreases if financial markets are efficient enough. Also, it can be done with the use of complex contracts in financial terms. Agency problems lead to costs which reduce the value of firm on market place (Bejou 2011, pp 1-6). The Other agency conflict is between shareholder and creditors starts from the relation between owners and creditors. Creditors always stake a fixed claim on companys resources in lieu of long term debts, bank loans, commercial agreements and other instruments. The returns given to creditors are fixed while those to shareholders are variable due to stock price. Owners can try to make risky investment decisions, but creditors need to be paid back in full but investments need to be made as early as possible. Creditors to protect their money ask for other protective covers from company line bond indentures, limitation on dividend payments, types of Investments Company can make, poison pills and new debt application. This all can reduce the potential market value of the firm (Ahlstrom 2010, pp 11-24). Problems with Profit Maximization strategy If Managers of any firm want to work in the direction of shareholder wealth maximization, they should look beyond their conventional thinking of owner profit maximization. Profit maximization model isnt useful for decision making due to multiple reasons like 1) The standard macroeconomic model for any firm is static. Profit maximization cant compare short term and long term profits. Profit decisions should be reflected on time basis. And should have a long term impact on the firm 2) Profit is defined in accounting terms between costs and revenue, but it doesnt define any priority on multiple things like maximization of absolute profit, rate of profit as well as earnings per share. 3) The last problem is profit maximization of owners gives no way for managers to seek the risk assessment option. Tw projects giving same profits can have different risk profile (Cosans 2009, pp. 391-399) Conclusion The complete concentration on shareholder wealth maximization has been under criticism since the dot com burst. A shareholder value increase talks about benefit of the owners only but doesnt talk about the social issues like employment, environment and ethics. Any management decision can maximize shareholder value but can lower welfare of other stakeholders listed above. A Company while making decisions for maximizing shareholder value can also prove detrimental to interests of its customers as multiple decision regarding product lines can have effect. Also, shareholder wealth maximization strategy needs to have a long term view not a short term one. The intrinsic value of any business is brought up by the combination of financial might, societal contribution, employee satisfaction and shareholder interests maximization. This is said to be stakeholder value maximization. However, this concept is very hard to implement as every decision cant be useful to all stakeholder. They need to be prioritized and weighted upon before implementing nay managerial decision

Friday, January 17, 2020

Communication Between Agencies Essay

In order to be successful having great communication is the key to that success. Our country has endowed many tragedies with many of them due to the poor communication. Many lives had been lost because of poor communication or the first responder’s not being trained properly for a situation as this. Communication problems became the focal point of our nation’s emergency management improvement ever since September 11. Every day in cities and towns across the Nation, emergency response personnel respond to incidents of varying scope and magnitude. Their ability to communicate in real time is critical to establishing command and control at the scene of an emergency, to maintaining event situational awareness, and to operating overall within a broad range of incidents (National emergency communications, 2008). Communicating messages to the general public is a critical yet underdeveloped aspect of effective emergency management. Such messages fall under three basic categories: risk, communication, and warning and crisis communications. Risk communication involves alerting and educating the public to the risks they face and how they can best prepare for and mitigate these risks in order to reduce the impacts of future disaster events. Warning involves delivering notice of an actual impending threat with sufficient time to allow recipient individuals and communities to take shelter, evacuate, or take other mitigated action in advance of a disaster event. Crisis communication involves the provision of timely, useful, and accurate information to the public during the response and recovery phases of a disaster event (Bullock, 2009). The emergency management community as a whole has vast experience in practicing risk and warning communications. Preparedness programs have been an active part of emergency management in this country for decades, and public education programs conducted by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the American Red Cross, the Salvation Army, local fire departments, and other public and private sector agencies have disseminated millions of brochures and checklists describing the risks of future disaster events and the steps that individuals and communities can take to reduce and prepare for them (Bullock, 2009). In our text Bullock States, â€Å"The National Commission on terrorist attacks on the United States, also known as the 9/11 Commission, found that inadequate communications contributed greatly to hindering the ability of responding agencies to respond to the events that unfolded, and led directly to the high number of police and fire department employees who were killed when the towers collapsed† (Bullock, 2009). From this you can conclude that information was not passed along fast enough so as a result many people lost their lives because of this. There were also language barriers many of the different agencies did not use the same â€Å"lingo† and because of this confusion information was not passed between them correctly.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Analogy vs. Homology - Theory of Evolution

There are many types of evidence that support the Theory of Evolution. These pieces of evidence range from the minute molecular level of DNA similarities all the way up through similarities within the anatomical structure of organisms. When Charles Darwin first proposed his idea of natural selection, he used mostly evidence based on anatomical features of organisms he studied. Two different ways these similarities in anatomical structures can be classified is as either analogous structures or homologous structures. While both of these categories have to do with how similar body parts of different organisms are used and structured, only one is actually an indication of a common ancestor somewhere in the past. Analogy Analogy, or analogous structures, is actually the one that does not indicate there is a recent common ancestor between two organisms. Even though the anatomical structures being studied look similar and maybe even perform the same functions, they are actually a product of convergent evolution. Just because they look and act alike does not mean they are related closely on the tree of life. Convergent evolution is when two unrelated species undergo several changes and adaptations to become more similar. Usually, these two species live in similar climates and environments in different parts of the world that favor the same adaptations. The analogous features then help that species survive in the environment. One example of analogous structures is the wings of bats, flying insects, and birds. All three organisms use their wings to fly, but bats are actually mammals and not related to birds or flying insects. In fact, birds are more closely related to dinosaurs than they are to bats or flying insects. Birds, flying insects, and bats all adapted to their niches in their environments by developing wings. However, their wings are not indicative of a close evolutionary relationship. Another example is the fins on a shark and a dolphin. Sharks are classified within the fish family while dolphins are mammals. However, both live in similar environments in the ocean where fins are favorable adaptations for animals that need to swim and move in the water. If they are traced back far enough on the tree of life, eventually there will be a common ancestor for the two, but it would not be considered a recent common ancestor and therefore the fins of a shark and a dolphin are considered to be analogous structures. Homology The other classification of similar anatomical structures is called homology. In homology, the homologous structures did, in fact, evolve from a recent common ancestor. Organisms with homologous structures are more closely related to each other on the tree of life than those with analogous structures. However, they are still closely related to a recent common ancestor and have most likely undergone divergent evolution. Divergent evolution is where closely related species become less similar in structure and function due to the adaptations they acquire during the natural selection process. Migration to new climates, competition for niches with other species, and even microevolutionary changes like DNA mutations can contribute to divergent evolution. An example of homology is the tailbone in humans with the tails of cats and dogs. While our coccyx or tailbone has become a vestigial structure, cats and dogs still have their tails intact. We may no longer have a visible tail, but the structure of the coccyx and the supporting bones are very similar to the tailbones of our household pets. Plants can also have homology. The prickly spines on a cactus and the leaves on an oak tree look very dissimilar, but they are actually homologous structures. They even have very different functions. While cactus spines are primarily for protection and to prevent water loss in its hot and dry environment, the oak tree does not have those adaptations. Both structures do contribute to photosynthesis of their respective plants, however, so not all of the most recent common ancestor’s functions have been lost. Oftentimes, organisms with homologous structures actually look very different from each other when compared to how close some species with analogous structures look to each other.

Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Personal Narrative A Beautiful Girl - 1044 Words

â€Å"A beautiful girl.† said the doctors at Middlesex Hospital. December 1st, 2000, I was born. My mom always said I didn t look like her child. I was â€Å"chink eyed† and was â€Å"very pale†. I was raised in the city. My mother was from Patterson, NJ and my father from Brooklyn, NY. I spent my first couple of years of being a toddler at my grandmother s house on Main Street with my father, grandmothers, mother and me. I moved to Connecticut because my mom and father broke up, Still a toddler but a very smart one. My mother always told me how I ran from home to go get my uncle at the bus stop cause I remembered where his stop was and it wasn t far from home. My mom soon was in a relationship with one of her high school friends named Freddy.As for my father he was soon married to my step mother. She had children already. But whenever I was at her house she would treat me and my older sister (from my father s side) like her own also. Her kids were like my broth er and sister. I grew up around them. We ate together, sleep together, laugh together and we were just one. Especially my step sister we were disney channel finatics. We sang along to Cheetah Girls and High School Musical all day. She was my best friend and still is. I always liked my dad s house better than my mom s house because there was never any arguing. As I got older my dad moved away to North Carolina, Freddy and I would argue a lot and my mom would never back me up. We argued about little things and my little sisterShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : My Beautiful Girl1083 Words   |  5 PagesWhen I first met DJ at bowling, I thought that she was the most beautiful girl I have ever seen. I had seen her in a picture before I and thought she was really pretty, but seeing her in person was completely different. I tried not to pay much attention to it since I had a girlfriend, but it was something about the way she carried herself and how she was never without a smile that in trigued me. 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